![]() After the female gametes are fertilised by male gametes from the pollen, the female cones produce seeds, which are then scattered away from the plant by wind or animals. All cone-bearing trees belong to a group of plants known as gymnosperms, and conifers are the largest and most well-known subgroup of these. Male cones make pollen, which is carried to female cones by the wind. Next time you pick up a pine cone, look for loose seeds inside. Gymnosperms are seed plants but their seeds are held in cones. We all know the showy flowers of native kōwhai, flax and pōhutakawa and all those lovely coloured flowers in our gardens, but the tall toetoe and the grasses in our lawns are also flowering plants. New Zealand has about 2,000 native angiosperms, and an amazing 25,000 introduced species found mainly in gardens, farms and orchards.įlowering plants are all around us, even if sometimes we don’t recognise them as having flowers. Fruit can be soft like oranges or hard like nuts.įlowering plants form the biggest group of seed plants, with about 300,000 species around the world – that’s 90% of the whole plant kingdom. In most angiosperms, part of the flower develops into fruit, which protects the seeds inside them. ![]() Example of spore-bearing plants are whisk ferns, club mosses, horsetails, and fern. Some do not have vascular bundles and some have roots, leaves and stem. The ovules develop into seeds from which new plants will grow. wet, shady places, on the barks of trees and on rocks. Pollen is carried from a male part to a female part by wind, insects or other animals (a process called pollination), where it releases male gametes that fertilise the female gametes in the ovules. Some plants have these male and female parts in different flowers. They contain male parts that make pollen and female parts that contain ovules. The flowers are special structures for reproduction. ![]() Angiosperms – seed plants with flowersĪngiosperms have flowers. Plants that hold their seeds in cones are called gymnosperms. The cone bearing plants are lower in evolutionary. Plants that have flowers are called angiosperms. Cone bearing plants do not depend on Insects, birds or mammals for the transfer of their male gametes or spores. They also have special names for these groups. Scientists divide seed plants into two main groups: plants with flowers and plants with cones. If the seed lands where the conditions are right, the embryo germinates and grows into a new plant. ![]() The parent plant disperses or releases the seed. Reproduction begins when one of the pollen grains from inside a pollen sac on the. The seed protects the embryo and stores food for it. Cone-bearing plants have two types of cones: female cones and male cones. After fertilisation, a tiny plant called an embryo is formed inside a seed. Spores are dispersed by the wind but their. Seed plants have special structures on them where male and female cells join together through a process called fertilisation. Spores are produced in a terminal cone-shaped structure, which is a cluster of specialized, spore bearing leaves. ![]()
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